PBT References

The individual pages of this PBT Web site include direct links to many sources of information, many of which exit from the DNR Web site. Some pages also contain references to research and publications for which Web links were not provided. These information sources are referenced below.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1993. Toxicological profile for Alrin/Dieldrin. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

Anthony, R.G., M.G. Garrett, and C.A. Schuler. 1993. Environmental contaminants in bald eagles in the Columbia River estuary. Journal of Wildlife Management. 57(1): 10-19.

ATSDR. 1994. Toxicological Profile for Chlordane. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for DDT/DDE/DDD. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

ATSDR. 1999A. Toxicological Profile for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

ATSDR. 1999B. Toxicological Profile for Mercury. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

ATSDR. 2001. Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Atlanta, GA: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

Eisler, R. 1985. Cadmium Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior Biological Report 85 (1.2).

Eisler, R. 1986. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior Biological Report 85 (1.7).

Eisler, R. 1986. Dioxin Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior Biological Report 85 (1.8).

Eisler, R. 1987. Mercury Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior Biological Report 85 (1.10).

Eisler, R. 1988. Lead Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior Biological Report 85 (1.14).

Eisler, R. 1990. Chlordane Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior Biological Report 85 (1.21).

Extension Toxicology Network (EXTOXNET). 1996. Pesticide Information Profile for DDT. Oregon State University.

Fiore, B.J., H.A. Anderson, L.P. Hanrahan, J.L. Olson, and W.C. Sonzogni. 1989. Sport Fish Consumption and Body Burden Levels of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: A Study of Wisconsin Anglers. Archives of Environmental Health. 44(2): 82-88.

Fox, G.A. 1992. Epidemiological and pathological evidence of contaminant induced alterations in sexual development in free-living wildlife. In: Colborn, T. and C. Clement (eds.) Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: the wildlife/human connection. Princeton Science Publications, Princeton, NJ, pp. 147-158.

Gilbertson, M., T. Kubiak, J. Ludwig, and G. Fox. 1991. Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS) in colonial fish eating birds: similarity to chick edema disease. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 33:455-520.

Henny, C.J., R.A. Grove, and O.R. Hedstrom. 1996. A field evaluation of mink and river otter on the Lower Columbia River and the influence of environmental contaminants. Final Report to: The Lower Columbia River Bi-State Water Quality Program. National Biological Service, North-west Research Center, Corvallis, OR.

Hutchinson, R. and C.E. Kraft. 1994. Hmong Fishing Activity and Fish Consumption. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 20(2): 471-478.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1993. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans (Vol. 58).

Klaassen, C.D. (ed.). 1996. Casarett and Doull´s Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons. Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.

Leatherland, J.F. 1992. Endocrine and reproductive function in Great Lakes salmon. In: Colborn, T. and C. Clement (eds.) Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: the wildlife/human connection. Princeton Science Publications, Princeton, NJ, pp. 129-146.

National Research Council. 2000. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences. Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Tox

Peterson. D.E., M.S. Kanarek, M.A. Kuykendall, J.M. Diedrich, H.A. Anderson, P.L. Remington and T.B. Sheffy. 1994. Fish Consumption Patterns and Blood Mercury Levels in Wisconsin Chippewa Indians. Archives of Environmental Health. 49(1):53-58.

Tildon J, L. Hanrahan, H.A. Anderson, C. Palit, J. Olson, W. MacKenzie, and the Great Lakes Consortium. 1997. Health Advisories for Consumers of Great Lakes Sport-Fish: Is the Message Being Received? Environmental Health Perspectives. 105:12.

Tillitt, D.E., G.T. Ankley, J.P. Giesy, J.P. Ludwig, H. Kurita-Matsuba, D.V. Weseloh, P.S. Ross, C.A. Bishop, L. Sileo, K.L. Stromberg, J. Larson, and T.J. Kubiak. 1992. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 11:1281-1288.

Tillitt, D.E., R.W. Gale, J.C. Meadows, J.L. Zajicek, P.H. Peterman, S.N. Heaton, P.D. Jones, S.J. Bursian, T.J. Kubiak, J.P. Giesy, and R.J. Aulerich. 1996. Dietary exposure of mink to carp from Saginaw Bay. 3. Characterization of dietary exposure to planar halogenated hydrocarbons, dioxin equivalents, and biomagnification. Environmental. Science and Technology. 30:283-291.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance files for p,p´-Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (DDD).

USEPA. 2003. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance files for p,p´-Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE).

USEPA 2004. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance files for Lead and compounds (inorganic).

USEPA. 2002. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance files for Aldrin.

USEPA. 2005. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance files for Dieldrin.

USEPA. 2005. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance files for p,p´-Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethylene (DDT).

USEPA. 1997. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance File for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs).

USEPA. 1998. Integrated Risk Information System. Substance File for Chlordane.

USEPA. 2000. Office of Research and Development. Exposure and Human Health Reassessment of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and Related Compounds. Part III: Integrated Summary and Risk Characterization for 2,3,7,8–Tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-Dioxin.

World Wildlife Fund Factsheet (Aldrin/Dieldrin).

World Wildlife Fund Canada. 1999. Effects of EDCs. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Canada.

Wisconsin PBT Monitoring and Research References

The following list is not a complete list of all Wisconsin PBT Monitoring and Research references. If you know of a reference that should be added to this list contact Melody Marshall

Barron, M.G., M.J. Anderson, D. Cacela, J. Lipton, S.J. Teh, D.E. Hinton, J.T. Zelikoff, A.L. Dikkeboom, D.E. Tillitt, M.Holey, and N. Denslow. 2000. PCBs, liver lesions, and biomarker responses in adult walleye (Stizostedium vitreum vitreum) collected from Green Bay, Wisconsin. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 26:250-271.

Buser, D.J. 1985. Analysis of dated sediment cores from Lake Michigan´s Green Bay for polychlorinated biphenyls. Summary of thesis research completed at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Department of Civil Engineering.

Cooke, P.M., J.A. Robbins, D.D. Endicott, K.B. Lodge, P.D. Guiney, M.K. Walker, E.W. Zabel, and R.E. Peterson. 2003. Effects of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated early life stage toxicity on lake trout populations in Lake Ontario during the 20th century.

Custer, T.W., C.M. Custer, and K.L. Stromborg. Distribution of organochlorine contaminants in double-crested cormorant eggs and sibling embryos. 1997. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 16:1646-1649.

Custer, T.W., C.M. Custer, R.K. Hines, S. Gutreuter, K.L. Stromborg, P.D. Allen, and M.J. Melancon. 1999. Organochlorine contaminants and reproductive success of double-crested cormorants from Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 18:1209-1217.

Dykstra, C.R., M.W. Meyer, D.K. Warnke, W.H. Karasov, D.E. Anderson, W.W. Bowerman, and J.P. Giesy. 1998. Low reproductive rates of Lake Superior bald eagles: low food delivery rates or environmental contaminants? Journal of Great Lakes Res. 24: 32-44.

Dykstra, C.R., M.W. Meyer, K. Stromborg, W.W. Bowerman, and J.P. Giesy. 2001. Association of low reproductive rates and high contaminant levels in bald eagles on Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Res. 27:239-251.

Dykstra, C.J., M.W. Meyer, S. Postupalsky, K.L. Stromborg, D.K. Warnke, and R.G. Eckstein. 2003. Bald Eagles of Lake Michigan: Ecology and Contaminants. In: The Lake Michigan Ecosystem; Ecology, Health, and Management. Edsall, TA ed. In Press.

Edblom, T.L. 2001. Exposure of northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) to a pollution gradient in the Green Bay and Fox River ecosystem, Wisconsin (USA): Early development, sexual development and impacts of ultraviolet-B radiation.M.S. Thesis. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Evers, D.C., J.D. Kaplan, M.W. Meyer, P.S. Reaman, W.E. Braselton, A. Major, N. Burgess, and A.M. Scheuhammer. 1998. Geographic trend in mercury exposure measured in common loon feathers and blood. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 17:173-183.

Fevold, B.M., M.W. Meyer, P.R. Rasmussen, and S.A. Temple. 2003. Bioaccumulation patterns and temporal trends of mercury exposure in Wisconsin common loons. Ecotoxicology. 12:83-93.

Fiore, B.J., H.A. Anderson, L.P. Hanrahan, J.L. Olson, and W.C. Sonzogni. 1989. Sport Fish Consumption and Body Burden Levels of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: A Study of Wisconsin Anglers. Archives of Environmental Health. 44(2): 82-88.

Fournier, F., W.H. Karasov, K.P. Kenow, M.W. Meyer, and R.K. Hines. 2002. The oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of methylmercury in common loon (Gavia immer) chicks. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 133: 703-714.

Gilbertson, M., T. Kubiak, J. Ludwig, and G. Fox. 1991. Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS) in colonial fish eating birds: similarity to chick edema disease. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 33:455-520.

Guiney, P.D., and R.E. Peterson. 1980. Distribution and elimination of a polychlorinated biphenyl after acute dietary exposure in yellow perch and rainbow trout. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 9:667-674.

Guiney, P.D., J.J. Lech, and R.E. Peterson. 1980. Distribution and elimination of a polychlorinated biphenyl during early life stages of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 53:521-529.

Hanrahan LP, Falk C, Anderson HA, Draheim L, Kanarek MS, Olson J. 1999. Serum PCB and DDE levels of frequent Great Lakes sport fish consumers—a first look. The Great Lakes Consortium. Environ. Res. 80:S26–S37.

Harris, H.J., Erdman, T.C., Ankley, G.T., and Lodge, K.B. 1993. Measures of reproductive success and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in eggs and chicks of Forster´s terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan, Wisconsin-1988. Archives of Environmental Contaminati.

Haseltine, S.D., G.H. Heinz, W.L. Reichel, and J.F. Moore. 1981. Organochlorine and metal residues in eggs of waterfowl nesting on islands in Lake Michigan off Door County, Wisconsin, 1977-78. Pesticides Monitoring Journal. 15:90-97.

Heinz, G.H., T.C. Erdman, S.D. Haseltine, and C. Stafford. 1985. Contaminant levels in colonial waterbirds from Green Bay and Lake Michigan., 1975-80. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 5:223-226.

Heinze, G.H., Haseltine, D.D., R.J. Hall, and A. Krynitsky. 1980. Organochlorine and mercury residues in snakes from Pilot and Spider Islands, Lake Michigan–1978. Bulletin of Enviornmental Contamination and Toxicology. 25:738-743.

Hoff, M. H., M.W. Meyer, J. Van Stappen, and T.W. Fratt. 2004. Relationships between bald eagle productivity and dynamics of fish populations and fisheries in the Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior, 1983 - 1999. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 30(sup1):43.

Hokanson, K.E.F., and G.J. Lien. 1980. Effects of organic contaminants in ova upon growth and survival of larval walleye from the lower Fox River and Sturgeon Bay areas of Green Bay, Wisconsin. Duluth, MN: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory.

Huang, Y-W., and W.H. Karasov. 2000. Oral bioavailability and toxicokinetics of 3,3´,4,4´5-pentachlorobiphenyl in northenr leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 19:1788-1794.

Huang, Y-W., M.J. Melancon, R.E. Jung, and W.H. Karasov. 1998. Induction of cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases in northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, by 3,3´,4,4´,5-pentachlorobiphenyl. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 17:1564-1569.

Huang, Y-W., W.H. Karasov, K.A. Patnode, and C.R. Jefcoate. 1999. Exposure of northern leopard frogs in the Green Bay ecosystem to polychorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans is measured by direct chemics.

Huang, Y-W., J.J. Stegman, B.R. Woodin, and W.H. Karasov. 2001. Immunohistochemical localization of cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenases induced by 3,3´4.4´,5-pentachlorobiphenyl in multiple organs of northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Environmenta.

Jensen, A.L., S.A. Spigarelli, and M.M. Thommes. 1982. PCB uptake by five species of fish in Lake Michigan, Green Bay of Lake Michigan, and Cayuga Lake, New York. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 39:700-709.

Jung, R.E. 1996. The potential influence of environmental pollution on amphibian development and decline. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.

Jung, R.E., and M.K. Walker. 1997. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on development of anuran amphibians. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 16:230-240

Karasov, WH and M.W. Meyer. 2000. Testing the role of contaminants in depressing avian numbers. Revisita Chilena de historia natural 73: 461-471.

Karasov, W.H., R.E. Jung, S. Vanden Langenberg, and T.L.E. Bergeson. 2005. Field exposure of frog embryos and tadpoles along a pollution gradient in the Fox River and Green Bay ecosystem in Wisconsin, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 24:942-95

Kenow, K.P., S. Gutreuter, R.K. Hines, M.W. Meyer, F. Fournier, and W.H. Karasov. 2003. Effects of methyl mercury exposure on the growth of juvenile common loons. Ecotoxicology 12:171-182.

Kersten, S.M. 1997. The effects of PCB contaminated environments on the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). M.S. Thesis. University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA.

Kleeman, J.M., J.R. Olson, and R.E. Peterson. 1988. Species differences in 2,3,7.8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxicity and biotransformation in fish. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 10:206-213.

Kleeman, J.M., J.R. Olson, S.M. Chen, and R.E. Peterson. 1986. Metabolism and disposition of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rainbow trout. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 83:391-401.

Kleinert, S.J., and P.E. Degurse. 1971. Mercury levels in fish from selected Wisconsin waters: A preliminary report. Research Report 73. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

Kleinert, S.J., and P.E. Degurse. 1972. Mercury levels in Wisconsin fish and wildlife. Technical Bulletin No. 52. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

Kleinert, S.J., P.E. Degurse, and T.L. Wirth. 1968. Occurrence and significance of DDT and dieldrin residues in Wisconsin fish. Technical Bulletin No. 41. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

Kubiak, T.J., Harris, H.J., Smith, L.M., Schwartz, T.R., Stalling, D.L., Trick, J.A., Sileo, L., Docherty, D.E., and Erdman, T.C. 1989. Microcontaminants and reproductive impairment of the Forster´s tern on Green Bay, Lake Michigan-1983. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 18:706-727.

Kuehl, D.W., E.N. Leonard, B.C. Buterworth, and K.L. Johnson. 1983. Polychlorinated chemical residues in fish from major watersheds near the Great Lakes, 1979. Environment International. 9:293-299.

Larson, J.M., W.H. Karasov, L. Sileo, K.L. Stromborg, B.A. Hanbidge, J.P. Giesy, P.D. Jones, D.E. Tillet, and D.A. Berbrugge. 1995. Reproductive success, developmental anomalies, and environmental contaminants in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax a)

Leatherland, J.F. 1992. Endocrine and reproductive function in Great Lakes salmon. In: Colborn, T. and C. Clement (eds.) Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: the wildlife/human connection. Princeton Science Publications, Princeton, NJ, pp. 129-146.

Lech, J.J., and R.E. Peterson. 1983. Biotranformation and persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish. In F.M. D´ltri and M.A. Kamrin, eds., PCBs: Human and Environmental Hazards. Butterworh, Boston, MA, USA, pp. 187-201.

Manchester, J.B. 1993. The role of porewater in the remobilization of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.

Marshall, J.S., and D.L. Mellinger. 1981. Combined effects of cadmium and zinc on a Lake Michigan zooplankton community. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 7:215-233.

Marti, E.A. and D.E. Armstron. 1990. Polychlorinated biphenyls in Lake Michigan tributaries. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 16:396-405.

Masnado, R.G. 1987. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations of eight salmonid species from the Wisconsin waters of Lake Michigan: 1985. Fish Management Report 132. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

Merrill, EH, J.J. Hartigan, and M.W. Meyer. In Press. Effects of biomass and mercury consumption on loons in Wisconsin. Journal of Wildlife Management.

Meyer, M.W. 1998. Ecological risk of mercury in the environment: the inadequacy of the best available science. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 17:137-138.

Meyer, M.W., D.C. Evers, J.J. Hartigan, and P.W. Rasmussen. 1998. Patterns of common loon (Gavia immer) mercury exposure, reproduction, and survival in Wisconsin. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 17:184-190.

Meyer, M.W., D. Evers, and T. Daulton. 1995. Common loons nesting on acidified lakes in northern Wisconsin have elevated mercury exposure. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 80:871-880.

McElroy, J.A., M.S. Kanarek, A. Trentham-Dietz, S.A. Robert, J.M. Hampton, P.A. Newcomb, H.A. Anderson, and P.L. Remington. 2004. Potential exposure to PCBs, DDT, and PBDEs from sport-caught fish consumption in relation to breast cancer rish in Wisconsin.

Nosek, J.A., S.R. Craven, W.H. Karasov, and R.E. Peterson. 1993. 2,3,7.8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in terrestrial environments: Implications for resource management. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 21:179-187.

Peterson, R.E., and P.D. Guiney. 1979. Disposition of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish. In M.A.Q. Khan, J.J. Lech and J.J. Menn, eds., Pesticide and Xenobiotic Metabolism in Aquatic Organisms. ACS Symposium Series 99. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 21-.6.

Peterson, R.E., H.M. Theobald, and G.L. Kimmel. 1993. Developmental and reproductive toxicity of dioxins and related compounds: cross-species comparisons. Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 23:283-335.

Peterson. R.E., M.S. Kanarek, M.A. Kuykendall, J.M. Diedrich, H.A. Anderson, P.L. Remington and T.B. Sheffy. 1994. Fish Consumption Patterns and Blood Mercury Levels in Wisconsin Chippewa Indians. Archives of Environmental Health. 49(1):53-58.

Rosenshield, M.L. 1999. Ecotoxicology of amphibians in Green Bay and the Fox River. M.S. Thesis. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Rosenshield, M.L., M.B. Jofré, and W.H. Karasov. 1999. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl 126 on green frog (Rana clamitans) and leopard frog (Rana pipiens) hatching success, development, and metamorphosis. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 18:2478

Sonzogni, W., L. Maack, T. Gibson, D. Degenhardt, H. Anderson, and B. Fiore. 1991. Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in blood of Wisconsin Sport fish consumers. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 20:56-60.

Stow, C.A. 1995. Factors associated with PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan Salmonids. Environmental Science and Technology. 29:522-527.

Strom, S.M., J.A. Langenberg, B. Bodenstein, and K. Beheler. In Press. Environmental Contaminants in Urban Canada Geese from Wisconsin. Proceedings of the 2003 International Canada Goose Symposium.

Sullivan, J.R., J.J. Delfino, C.R. Buelow, and T.B. Sheffy. 1983. Polychlorinated biphenyls in the fish and sediment of the lower Fox River, Wisconsin. Bulletin of Environmetal Contamination and Toxicology. 30:58-64.

Sullivan, J.R., and J.J. Delfino. 1982. A select inventory of chemicals used in Wisconsin´s lower Fox River basin. Publication WIS-SG-82-238 of the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute, Madison, WI, USA.

Tildon J, L. Hanrahan, H.A. Anderson, C. Palit, J. Olson, W. MacKenzie, and the Great Lakes Consortium. 1997. Health Advisories for Consumers of Great Lakes Sport-Fish: Is the Message Being Received? Environmental Health Perspectives. 105:1360-1365.

Tillitt, D.E., G.T. Ankley, J.P. Giesy, J.P. Ludwig, H. Kurita-Matsuba, D.V. Weseloh, P.S. Ross, C.A. Bishop, L. Sileo, K.L. Stromberg, J. Larson, and T.J. Kubiak. 1992. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 11:1281-1288.

Veith, G.D. 1975. Baseline concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT in Lake Michigan fish, 1971. Pesticides Monitoring Journal. 9:21-29.

Veith, G.D., D. Kuehl, E. Leonard, K. Welch, and G. Pratt. 1981. Fish, wildlife, and estuaries: polychlorinated biphenyls and other organic chemical residues in fish from major United States watersheds near the Great Lakes, 1978. Pesticides Monitoring Journal. 15:1-8.

Vodicnik, M.J., and R.E. Peterson. 1985. The enhancing effect of spawning on elimination of a persistent polychlorinated biphenyl from female yellow perch. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 5:770-776.

Walker, M.K., and R.E. Peterson. 1991. Potencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran and biphenyl congeners, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin for producing early life stage mortality in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology AQTODG, Vol. 21, No. 3/4, p 219-238, December 1991. 3 fig, 4 tab, 58 ref. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. DOC and State of Wisconsin federal grant no. NA90AA-D-SG469, Great Lakes Protection Fund FG6901038 and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences training grant ES07015.

Walker, M.K., and R.E. Peterson. 1994. Aquatic toxicity of dioxins and related chemicals. In A. Schecter, ed., Dioxins and Health. Plenum, New York, NY, USA, pp. 347-387.

Walker, M.K., and R.E. Peterson. 1994. Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during early development. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 13:817-820.

Walker, M.K., J.M. Spitzbergen, J.R. Olson, and R.E. Peterson. 1991. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity during early life stage development of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 48:875-883.

Walker, M.K., L.C. Hufnagle, Jr., M.K. Clayton, and R.E. Peterson. 1992. An egg injection method for assessing early life stage mortality of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, debenzofurans, and biphenyls in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology.

Woodford, J.E., W.H. Karasov, and M.W. Meyer. 1998. Impact of 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure on survival, growth, and behavior of ospreys breeding in Wisconsin, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 17:1323-1331.

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