Wellhead Protection Program

Annotated Bibliography of
Wellhead Protection (WHP) Publications
and Related Materials

Born, Steve, Douglas Yanggen and Alexander Zaporozec, 1987, A Guide to Groundwater Quality Planning and Management for Local Governments, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) Special Report 9, 91 p.
This publication discusses in some detail the individual steps in the WHP process. The discussion on regulatory and nonregulatory tools is particularly noteworthy.

Born, Steve, Douglas Yanggen, Allan Czecholinski, Raymond Tierney, and Ronald Hennings, 1988, Wellhead-Protection Districts in Wisconsin: An Analysis and Test Applications, WGNHS Special Report 10, 75 p.
Reviews methods for delineating WHP districts and serves as a guide for hiring private consultants.

Horsley, S. and J. Witten, 1995, A Guide to Wellhead Protection, American Planning Association, Planning Advisory Service Report 457/458, 102 p.
This publication describes groundwater fundamentals, groundwater contamination sources, management and financial strategies for WHP, and examples WHP ordinance language. Available from APA publications office, 122 S. Michigan Ave., Ste. 1600, Chicago, IL 60603-6107 or go to www.planning.org/apastore and click on PAS reports.

Osborne, Tom, Jenifer Sorensen, Mark Knaack, David Mechenich and Michael Travis, 1989, Designs for WHP in Central Wisconsin - Case Studies in the Town of Weston and City of Wisconsin Rapids, Central Wisconsin Groundwater Center, 95 p. plus appendix.
Available from Central Wisconsin Groundwater Center (715-346-4270).
This document starts with some basics about WHP, then discusses WHP area delineation, time of travel calculations, potential contaminant source inventory, and designing groundwater protection strategies.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1989, Wellhead Protection Programs: Tools for Local Governments, EPA 440/6-89-002, 50 p.
Describes the tools available, both regulatory and non-regulatory, that local units of government have available for use to protect their water supply.

U. S. EPA, 1991, Protecting Local Groundwater Supplies Through Wellhead Protection, EPA 570/9-91-007, 18 p.
This is intended to be used by city or town officials, water supply managers or interested citizens. It contains a five-step process to help delineate, inventory and manage a local WHP area.

U. S. EPA, 1991, Wellhead Protection Strategies for Confined Aquifer Settings, EPA 570/9-91-008, 168 p.
This report discusses approaches to determine if an area is confined and what delineation methods are appropriate. Two examples are provided.

U. S. EPA, 1991, Delineation of Wellhead Protection Areas in Fractured Rocks, EPA 570/9-91-009, 144 p. Written by Ken Bradbury, Maureen Muldoon and Alex Zaporozec.
This report discusses two case studies from Wisconsin and discusses the options for WHP delineation in fractured rocks.

U. S. EPA, 1993, Wellhead Protection: A Guide for Small Communities - Seminar Publication, EPA/625/R-93-002, 144 p.
This publication discusses groundwater fundamentals, sources of contamination, the 5-step WHP process; provides examples, including Cottage Grove; and provides resources for additional information.

U. S. EPA, 1994, Groundwater and Wellhead Protection - A Handbook, EPA/625/R-94/001, 269 p.
Much of the book discusses methods for WHP area delineation. There is also guidance on developing a WHP plan, including a contaminant source inventory and management options, plus several case studies.

U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), 1995, Groundwater Flow and Quality in Wisconsin's Shallow Aquifer System, USGS Water Resources Investigations Report 90-4171, 42 p.
This report provides an overview of groundwater movement and quality in the shallow aquifers of Wisconsin. The deeper aquifers are described to the extent that they affect or are affected by the shallow aquifers. Available from USGS Madison office.

WDNR, 2006, Wisconsin's Groundwater Study Guide.
A curriculum development guide primarily for 6th to 9th grade earth science teachers and adaptable to older and younger students, informal education settings and the general public. The guide comes with a packet which includes copy-ready student activity sheets, one large and 10 small Groundwater and Land Use in the Water Cycle posters, Groundwater: Protecting Wisconsin's Buried Treasure, Better Homes and Groundwater, Wisconsin Groundwater Directory and a list of water resources websites.

WDNR, 2007, Better Homes and Groundwater, PUB-DG-070, 2007 22 p.
This is a homeowner's guide to groundwater smart maintenance of lawns, gardens, and household hazardous wastes. This is available as a viewable document, see Groundwater Publications.

WDNR, 2003, Answers to Your Questions About Groundwater, PUBL-DG-049 2003.
A brochure which includes common questions concerning groundwater problems, responsibilities and solutions.

WDNR, 2006, Groundwater: Wisconsin's Buried Treasure, PUBL-DG-055-06, 32 p.
Provides an overview of groundwater concepts, threats and protection programs. It also describes what citizens can do to protect groundwater.
Yanggen, D. A. and Bruce Webendorfer, 1991, Groundwater Protection Through Local Land-Use Controls, WGNHS Special Report 11, 48 p.
Describes state and local groundwater protection powers; analyzes legal issues relative to local groundwater protection; and describes how local governments can use zoning and subdivision regulations to protect groundwater.

Yanggen, D. A. and Leslie Amrhein, 1991, Groundwater Quality Regulations: Existing Governmental Authority and Recommended Roles, WGNHS Special Report 12, 109 p.
This report focuses on roles that local governments can plan in joint local/state regulatory schemes to protect groundwater. It is intended for persons preparing local regulations and their legal advisors.

Copies of the above WDNR publications are available from David Lindorff, Groundwater Section, P. O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707. Phone: 608-266-9265 ( 877-268-9355 toll free ). Email: david.lindorff@wisconsin.gov

Copies of publications by the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) are available from the Survey at 3817 Mineral Point Road, Madison, WI 53705. Phone: 608-263-7389

Copies of the U. S. EPA publications are available from the National Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161. Phone: 1-800-553-6847. Web site: www.ntis.gov